Overusing N-gons and misunderstanding topology

N-gons are shapes that have five or more edges or vertices. Such shapes can be tempting to use when making 3D models, but their multiple sides make it difficult when it comes to sculpting later in the animation process. Instead, 3D modeling experts encourage the use of quads, because they can be easily subdivided.

Beginners should also avoid using triangles, or tris as they’re known by 3D modelers, as they can cause similar issues when it comes to animating.

Understanding the use of polygons is also key to grasping the wider issue of topology. This means that quads should be kept as square as possible, vertices shouldn’t break the flow of any edges and subdivisions should be spread out evenly. Modelers should regularly go back over what they’re making and check for mistakes to ensure that these simple rules are being followed, so they don’t need to overhaul or restart their project from scratch.

Getting proportions wrong

Proportions are the cornerstone of all good 3D models. Small mistakes with proportions can make a model look misshapen, especially detailed creations such as faces, but it can take a while to grasp how a model should appear when designing it on your computer.

This is where sticking to the principles of using quads and cutting down on subdivisions can help. The proportions of a basic model can be reworked easily, especially if it can be looked at as a series of different simple sections that you can adjust.

Wherever possible, keep a copy of any art that you’re using as a basis for your 3D model close at hand. That means either having it open on your computer or having a sketch in a notepad within reach. This will help you learn to coordinate your eyesight between the concept and the model, a skill that can take a long time to master, but one that will develop with lots of practice.

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