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正しいステップを踏めば、かんたんに犬を描くことができます。犬を飼っていなくても挑戦できます。
本チュートリアルでは犬の描き方を紹介しています。初心者向けの内容ですが、描き慣れている人でもヒントになることがあるかもしれません。主にペンタブレットを使って描くときのコツを説明しますが、紙と鉛筆でも同じ様に描けます。
では、持っている画材や道具で描いてみましょう。
犬の描き方 – パート1 基本のかたち
Three circles
To understand how best to draw something, it’s always helpful to reduce the image to some basic forms. Getting the size and position of these forms right helps achieve the correct proportions.
In the case of a dog, we can reduce it to three circles. The bottom two circles will form the body and the top circle will form the face.
Muzzle
Add another smaller circle to the top circle – this will form the dog’s muzzle. Then connect the two bottom circles to form the dog’s body. Use one line to connect the top of the circles and another to join the bottom, as shown here.
Legs and tail
Now it’s time to add the legs – two coming from the front circle and two from the back. It’s important to remember that the proportions of dog legs are different to human ones. Use the guide pictured here to make sure you have the joints in the right position. Make sure that the position of the legs is correct and that they face the right direction and that all the joints bend the right way.
At this stage you can also add the tail. Simply draw a straight line at a slight upward angle from the top of the rear circle.
Face
To form the dog’s face, we need to add the nose, eyes and ears. As we’re drawing the dog in profile, you only need to add one of each. Sketch the eye using a lying-down V shape. Use a triangle for the ear. Then use a circle or square for the nose. For now the most important thing is getting the size and position of these details correct.
輪郭 1
胴体と顔の輪郭を描きます。紙に描く場合は、色の濃いペンや芯が柔らかい鉛筆がおすすめです。デジタルで描く場合は、これまで描いたアタリを下描きレイヤーとして線の色を薄くします。新規レイヤーを下描きレイヤーの上に作り、新規レイヤーに輪郭を描くのがおすすめです。
胴体の上側と下側で、2種類の線を描き分けると、上手く描けます。胴体の上側は毛が寝ているので、普通の線で描きます。下側は毛先の感じを写実的に表現するように斜め線（ハッチング）を描きます。
胸と腹部はラフの円をなぞり、胴体らしい形に整えます。額、マズル（鼻面）、鼻先を線でつないで、顔の形を整えます。次に、脚の骨格ラインに肉付けして、脚の太さを出します。脚は、付け根に近いほど太くなるようにすると、うまく描けます。
輪郭 2
反対側の脚も描き加えます。横から見たときは、反対側の脚も手前の脚とほぼ同じ形に描いても大丈夫です。犬の立ち姿を描くときに注意する点は、脚の幅です。後ろ脚が前脚より大きく開かれるように描きましょう。
ここでマズル（鼻面）も描きます。舌を出したり、自由に描き加えましょう。
犬の描き方 – パート2 様々なポーズ
Circles
Using the steps above, you can draw dogs in all sorts of poses. The first step is to position the circles correctly. With a little practice, you’ll get the hang of finding the best proportions and spacing for them.
Legs, eyes, muzzle
As before, pay attention to the joints and their alignment when pre-drawing the legs. When you draw in the central axis of the head, it’s easier to determine the correct positions for the eyes and muzzle, especially if you want to depict the dog in half profile.
Ears, tip of the nose
For now, you can roughly indicate the position of the nostrils on the dog’s nose. We’ll go into more detail on this later.
The basic shape for a dog’s ear is a triangle but for certain poses, this doesn’t work. Other basic shapes are useful as a starting point but you’ll need to adjust these on a case-by-case basis. Take a look at these different ways of doing it.
Keep in mind that a dog’s ears are an essential part of its expression. Erect ears suggest alertness or even aggression. If you want your dog to be relaxed, you should let the ears hang.
Outlines
For the quick, sketchy style depicted, you can roughly trace the preliminary drawing with the outlines, then add hair with the help of quick zigzag lines.
Depending on the pose and perspective, you’ll need to vary how you draw different parts of the body, bulges and indentations, bones, muscles, wrinkles, etc. You can often work out the right places for them using your imagination. Sometimes you might need to take a closer look at the anatomy of a dog.
By using the simple steps described here, you can get pretty far in most cases. As with any subject, the best way to capture it most accurately is to draw directly from a living model.
犬の描き方 – パート3 細部の描き込み
パート3では、くつろいで座っている犬を描きます。ゴールデンレトリーバーのような犬を描いてみましょう。
目を描く
犬の目は、人間よりも丸い形をしています。まず円を描き、円に近い位置にまぶたを描きます。円の中心に瞳を描きます。瞳のやや上にハイライト（光の反射点）を入れます。鉛筆を使う場合は、ハイライトを避けて描き進めるか、消しゴムで消してハイライトを表現します。
鼻を描く
犬の鼻は複雑な構造をしていますが、ここでは、正面から見た鼻をシンプルに描く方法を紹介します。
1. 横向きの長方形（A4用紙のような縦横比）を描き、それを縦と横に十字の線を入れます（縦線の上半分は使わないので消します）。
2. 横線の左右中央に鼻の穴を描きます。長方形の左右3/4の高さに、下向きの斜め線を短く描き入れます。
3. 長方形の四角を少し丸みをもたせます。
4. 2でつけた斜め線を鼻の穴まで、カーブでつなぎます。長方形下辺の中心にV字を描きます。
5. V字と横線端部を曲線でつなぎます。このとき、線に少し傾斜をつける（右は時計で5時の向き、左は7時の向き）ことで、鼻孔の形を表現します。
6. 中央の縦線を以外の、アタリの線は消します。
Muzzle, mouth
From the front, the muzzle looks like a W. In this drawing, the dog is looking slightly to the right, so the right side of the W should be a bit narrower than the left. The tongue comes out directly under the W and hangs out over the lower lip.
Paws
For the paws, you can again start with a basic shape. This time, use a slightly wider square than for the nose. Offset the bottom edges of the four toes very slightly in height to give the paws some depth. You can then give the toes more definition by adding spaces.
Rough outlines
Now it’s time to make the preliminary drawing a continuous shape. The neck goes directly into the body. Below the neck, Golden Retrievers have a kind of collar. At the top of the front legs, there are shoulders on both sides, which mark the transition from leg to body. So in this simplified form, use subtle corners on the outer lines, at about the level of the collar.
For the moment the outlines can still be smooth connecting lines. They help us for the next step.
Final outlines
As before with the standing dog, you can indicate fur in the outlines with quick hatching strokes. This softens the hard edges of the outlines and gives the dog its fluffiness.
How to draw a dog – PART 4 Coloring
色を塗る
デジタル制作のメリットの一つは、どんな色でも使えることです。使うソフトウェアや画風によって、様々な色塗りの方法があります。塗りつぶしの色調レベルを設定しておくのも一つの方法です。こうすると、レベル補正で後から手軽に色を調整、変更できます。
6色程度を使って犬を塗っていきます。4つの茶色を使います。ベースになる茶色、影になる濃いめの茶色を2色、そして光が当たる部分の明るい茶色です。舌にはピンクを使います。舌の影には、目と鼻と同じ色を使います。
使う色数を制限する必要はありませんが、初めはカラーパレットを使い、必要に応じてパレットの色数を増やしていくとよいでしょう。
Shadow 1 hard
With the lighter of the two shading browns, you can roughly define some shadow areas. Try to imagine which areas are directly illuminated by the light and which are in shadow. Also think about whether parts of the body cast shadows on other areas. In this case, we’ll assume that the light comes from above, so the lower edges of the body parts tend to be in shadow.
You can also highlight the muzzle, eyes and cheeks a bit, and in some places you can make fur markings for the pattern in the dog's coat.
Shadow 1 soft
This dog has a soft coat, so we want to achieve that effect in the drawing. To get the effect pictured here, soften the shading with a 0% soft pencil outer edge. If you’re using pencil on paper, you can use an estompe for this technique to get more accurate smudging than using your fingers. Blurring has the effect of making the basic tone of the dog look as soft as possible.
Light
Now, let’s work with the light brown tone on the upper edges of the body parts. With the two hard brown tones (i.e. very light and very dark) we can create the impression of fur. You can build a fur brush for this purpose. So instead of a line (i.e. many dots stuck together), it draws lots of hairs at random – smaller, larger or even slightly twisted. Most graphic programs offer brush presets but you can also create a brush like this yourself quite easily. All you have to do is paint a single hair and adjust the settings. The alternative is to draw the fur using skillful hatching or drawing lots of hairs.
Shadow deep
To give the dog a little more depth of color, work the darkest parts with the very dark brown tone using the fur technique above. By this point, you’ll be able to tell whether the individual shades go well together. If you’ve worked with fill levels, you can always readjust the shades and gradations.
これで、かわいい犬が完成しました。好みに応じて、さらに細かく描き込むこともできます。ざっくりしたスケッチ感を出すのも、写真のように描き込むのも、お好み次第です。
以上でチュートリアルは終了です。絵の描き方は必ずしも一つではありません。周りからのヒントを取り入れつつ、ご自分だけのアイデアを発展させましょう。
これからも創作をお楽しみください。
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